Causes of Gynecomastia

Is gynecomastia related to obesity? Statistics show a strong correlation, but slim individuals are not immune. According to data from Europe and the US, approximately 65% of adolescents experience some degree of gynecomastia, and as age increases, about 85% of men over 65 are also affected.

In today's society, people indulge in pleasure while neglecting exercise and healthy eating, making excessive weight gain common. Although not a serious or life-threatening condition, gynecomastia serves as a reminder that breast issues are not exclusive to women. Ignoring it long-term can have profound psychological impacts.

High Oestrogen Levels

Testicular Factors

• Tumours
• Hermaphroditism

Non-Testicular Factors

• Giant congenital melanocytic nevus of the skin
• Adrenocortical tumours
• Lung cancer
• Liver cancer

Endocrine Disorders

• Thyroid dysfunction
• Cirrhosis
• Malnutrition

Low Testosterone Levels

• Aging
• Illness-related
• Testicular inflammation, injury, undescended testicles, radiation damage, hydrocele, varicocele, etc.
• Kidney failure

Drug-Induced

Regular or long-term use of the following medications may also contribute to gynecomastia:

Heart medications (digitalis, verapamil, amiodarone), diuretics (lasix, spirolactone), hypertension drugs (nifedipine), anti-epileptic drugs (phenytoin), psychiatric medications (valium, TCA tricyclic antidepressants), ulcer medications (cimetidine), anti-tuberculosis drugs (INH), asthma medications (theophylline), heroin, Parkinson's medications (methyldopa), chemotherapy drugs (methotrexate, vincristine), and antifungal drugs (ketoconazole).

Injury or Illness

Chest wall trauma, emotional anxiety and instability, AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome), or lung disease can all increase the risk of developing gynecomastia.