What is Gynecomastia?
Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast (usually bilateral but sometimes unilateral) resulting from a proliferation of the glandular component. It is defined clinically by the presence of a rubbery or firm mass extending concentrically from the nipples. It should be differentiated from pseudogynecomastia (lipomastia), which is characterised by fat deposition without glandular proliferation.
Classification
If gynecomastia causes loss of confidence and social withdrawal, professional help should be sought promptly. However, surgery is generally only recommended after puberty is complete. The severity directly affects treatment approach, so surgeons must classify the condition.
As early as 1972, stromal and ductal proliferation was used to distinguish three types: Florid, Intermediate, and Fibrous. Generally, the longer gynecomastia persists, the more it becomes fibrotic (Fibrous).
Treatment Recommendations
The fastest and most effective treatment is surgical intervention, delivering immediate results. The standard and most common approach uses liposuction to improve the condition. This is suitable for most patients in stages 1–3, with smaller wounds and better outcomes.
For the most severe stage 4, an incision around the areola combined with removal of loose skin and liposuction is required for improvement.
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